The Great Powers, ca. 1930

Andalusada's arbitrarily defined present day, as set down by GURPS canon, is 1930. This is what the world looks like then.

France 

For most of the early modern era, France was a Catholic dystopia, using the power of the Sodality and the weakness of its neighbors to horrifying effect. In the aftermath of the War of the French Succession, it's become significantly less dystopian (and slightly less Catholic), but as of the present day it's a large, powerful unitary state in a world that's convinced they aren't going to last.

• Has a slightly different core territory (missing some of the east and southeast, but including more in the north, including Alsace, Lorraine, and a fair chunk of the Low Countries.)
• Imperial holdings: India. All of Dravidian India is basically under French control; so is most of its coastline, stalled firmly by little Bengal (and its international allies.)

 England-Scotland

 England and Scotland are sort of two separate countries. During the

• Imperial holdings: Almost all of North America between them (most notably New Ireland), "Guinea" (a lot of sub-Saharan West Africa), and some chunks of southeast Asia.
• Alliances: A close alliance with Bengal, to act as a check on French expansion out of India. Historically, Japan's been a close ally of England-Scotland, but since the breakdown of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance a decade ago it's nothing quite as secure.

"Great Russia"

A *Narodnik republic with a needlessly wordy name (the Autocephalous Revolutionary National Sobor of All the Russias, or something like that. It changes every few years.)

• Capital: Tver, because it's never Tver.
• Core territories: Russia and Siberia.
• Imperial holdings: A loudly complaining *Alaska, most notably.
• Alliances: Propping up proxy states in Karelia, Anatolia, and some parts of Central Asia. Great Russia has a nonaggression pact with Japan that's older than Great Russia itself; it used to have close ties to Korea, but those have waned since what happened to Evgeny the Old.

Saxony

• Along with the Kingdom of Bavaria, one of the two vicars of the Holy Roman Empire (which is defunct but hasn't been abolished.)
• The smallest of the Great Powers; not so much a power on its own, but the keystone of the alliance that tips the balance in almost every European land war.
• Core territories: Electoral Saxony, along with most of what we'd call the Duchy of Saxony, the better part of Thuringia, and some scattered others.
• Imperial holdings: The Suez* Canal. After some rearrangements, Saxony wound up with almost controlling ownership of it, and has made itself a bit of a broker. Quixotically, they've also colonized Port Sudan, which they're trying to build into a respectable international harbor.
• Alliances: At the moment, Poland-Ruthenia and the Baltic states in the east, which it's trying to cement into a central European military bloc against Russian expansionism. Egypt and Abyssinia have some relatively equal treaties too, as a check against Anglo-French adventurism.

There are two other great powers, but they're not generally considered as such, for the simple reason that they're not European.

The Umayyad Caliphate in New Andalusia

During the Great Realignment, the collapse of Umayyad Seville left several rival states in the New World. The UCNA is the most successful of them, and the only one to claim itself as heir to Seville.

• Core territories: *Cuba (a loudly assertive vassal), the Louisiana Purchase and points west to the Pacific, some bits of IRL Canada, and lots of islands in the Caribbean.
• Imperial holdings: Joint control of the Panama* Canal (with England-Scotland and an impotent Mahdist regime); normalizing relations with a few other Mahdist states in Cabralia.
• Alliances: Every independent nation in America lives in the UCNA's shadow. 

The Greater Japanese Empire

Generally counted as the least of the great powers, for the simple reason that even though it dominates a huge triangle of the world most of that's in the Pacific Ocean. That doesn't stop it from being quite feared, because that's what happens when you fight the world's largest contiguous empire to collapse.

• Core territories: Oyashima, Taiwan* (which it colonized in the late 1500s), all of Karafuto, and a bit of Siberia on the far side of the Strait of Karafuto.
• Imperial holdings: Hawaiian sovereignty survives under Japan's shadow and with Japan's blessing, in exchange for "mutual" defense agreements that give Japan a permanent naval base in Pearl Harbor*. Japan has a similar relationship with Korea, except with none of the historic goodwill.
• Alliances: Historically, close ties to England-Scotland (especially Scotland.) More recently, a nonaggression pact with Great Russia that predates the existence of Great Russia itself.